czar - ترجمة إلى العربية
![Reception of the tsar of Russia in the [[Moscow Kremlin]], by [[Ivan Makarov]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Emperor by Ivan Makarov.jpg?width=200 "Reception of the tsar of Russia in the [[Moscow Kremlin]], by [[Ivan Makarov]]")
![Crowning of [[Stefan Dušan]], [[Emperor of the Serbs]], as tsar, by [[Paja Jovanović]]](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Paja Jovanović-Krunisanje Cara Dušana.jpg?width=200 "Crowning of [[Stefan Dušan]], [[Emperor of the Serbs]], as tsar, by [[Paja Jovanović]]")
![Dušan]] of Serbia](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Serbian Emperor Stefan Dušan, cropped.jpg?width=200 "Dušan]] of Serbia")
![[[Mostich]]'s [[epitaph]] uses the title ''tsar'' (outlined): "Here lies Mostich who was [[ichirgu-boil]] during the reigns of Tsar Simeon and Tsar Peter. At the age of eighty he forsook the rank of ichirgu boila and all of his possessions and became a monk. And so ended his life." (Museum of Preslav)](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/The inscription of Mostich.JPG?width=200 "[[Mostich]]'s [[epitaph]] uses the title ''tsar'' (outlined): \"Here lies Mostich who was [[ichirgu-boil]] during the reigns of Tsar Simeon and Tsar Peter. At the age of eighty he forsook the rank of ichirgu boila and all of his possessions and became a monk. And so ended his life.\" (Museum of Preslav)")
![Emperor of Russia]].](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Tsar Nicholas II -1898.jpg?width=200 "Emperor of Russia]].")
ألاسم
قَيْصَرُ ( الرُّوسِ )
تعريف
ويكيبيديا
Tsar ( or ), also spelled czar, tzar, or csar, was a title used by East and South Slavic monarchs. The term is derived from the Latin word caesar, which was intended to mean "emperor" in the European medieval sense of the term—a ruler with the same rank as a Roman emperor, holding it by the approval of another emperor or a supreme ecclesiastical official (the Pope or the Ecumenical Patriarch)—but was usually considered by western Europeans to be equivalent to "king". It lends its name to a system of government, tsarist autocracy or tsarism.
"Tsar" and its variants were the official titles of the following states:
- Bulgarian Empire (First Bulgarian Empire in 681–1018, Second Bulgarian Empire in 1185–1396), and also used in Tsardom of Bulgaria, in 1908–1946
- Serbian Empire, in 1346–1371
- Tsardom of Russia, in 1547–1721 (replaced in 1721 by imperator in Russian Empire, but still remaining in use, also officially in relation to several regions until 1917)
The first ruler to adopt the title tsar was Simeon I of Bulgaria. Simeon II, the last tsar of Bulgaria, is the last person to hold this title.
